[52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. The use of triage, general anesthesia, and pain management will be discussed. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. The city was in panic. [45] This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. Mayor George William Brown and Maryland Governor Thomas Hicks implored President Lincoln to reroute troops around Baltimore city and through Annapolis to avoid further confrontations. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. Because our textbooks and monuments are wrong. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. Civil War veterans did it differently. Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. (PowerPoint presentation.). [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. Others suffered from harsh living conditions, severely cramped living quarters, outbreaks of disease, and sadistic treatment from guards and commandants. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Webcivil war sword union soldier 15,480 Civil War Camp Premium High Res Photos Browse 15,480 civil war camp stock photos and images available, or search for civil war sword or union soldier to find more great stock photos and pictures. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. Learn about the Underground Railroad Movement by seeing short dramatic portraits of those involved (and some opposed), both anonymous and known. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. [85] Maryland has three chapters of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. The barracks were so filthy and infested that the commission claimed, nothing but fire can cleanse them.". [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes Harris (2011) pp. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. He has been concealed for more than six months. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. But, as S. Waite WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. [33], The Merryman decision created a sensation, but its immediate impact was rather limited, as the president simply ignored the ruling. WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. Camp Washington (3) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in New York (1861-1862). Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! Frederick County and Washington County, MD | Sep 14, 1862. South "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within Blockhouse Point Conservation Park. WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. Suitable for adults and young adults. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. [62] The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically (to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland), thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail - if McClellan could move quickly enough. And then theres that Chambersburg thing. His grandson didnt want to talk about it. 6306239). [8] Butler fortified his position and trained his guns upon the city, threatening its destruction. McCausland had the city burned down. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? 69-70. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. "The social and economic impact of the Civil War on Maryland" (PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1963) (ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1963. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. [46], Maryland Exiles, including Arnold Elzey and brigadier general George H. Steuart, would organize a "Maryland Line" in the Army of Northern Virginia which eventually consisted of one infantry regiment, one infantry battalion, two cavalry battalions and four battalions of artillery. WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. It has been estimated that, of the state's 1860 population of 687,000, about 4,000 Marylanders traveled south to fight for the Confederacy. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. 3. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. In the depths of Georgia, they discovered that their hardships were far from over: "As we entered the place, a spectacle met our eyes that almost froze our blood with horrorbefore us were forms that had once been active and erectstalwart men, now nothing but mere walking skeletons, covered with filth and verminMany of our men exclaimed with earnestness, 'Can this be hell?'". as the first southern city occupied by the Union Army. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). P ri mary source material documenting the inhumane conditions in Civil War prisoner of war camps abounds. Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. Maryland Humanities Council (2001). Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. In 1864, before the end of the War, a constitutional convention outlawed slavery in Maryland. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. However, the issues raised by Andersonville were shared by many camps on both sides. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. Upon inspecting the camp, the U.S Sanitary Commission reported that the the amount of standing water, of unpoliced grounds, of foul sinks, of general disorder, of soil reeking with miasmic accretions, of rotten bones and emptying of camp kettles..was enough to drive a sanitarian mad." With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. [53] Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. Myths and Truths: Civil War Battlefield Medical Care of the Wounded Speaker: Clarence Hickey. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. This history of the 1st U.S.C.T., credited to the District of Columbia contains roster on pp. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with WebDuring the turbulent weeks following Baltimores civilian clash with federal troops along that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. Captain Henry Wirz, commandant at Andersonville, was executed as a war criminal for not providing adequate supplies and shelter for the prisoners. In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. [23] At this time the legislature seems to have wanted to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors.[24]. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. [82] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. One smallpox outbreak claimed the lives over 300 men during the winter of 1862 alone. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. [16] President Lincoln also complied with the request to reroute troops to Annapolis, as the political situation in Baltimore remained highly volatile. Lights went off, black curtains blanketed windows. It was actually two miles downriver in a placid, sandy-bottomed part of the Potomac on John Rowzees farm. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. It quickly became infamous for its staggering death rate and unfathoomable living conditions due to theCommissary General of Prisoners,Col. William Hoffman. Duncan, Richard Ray. [69] Such celebrations would prove short lived, as Steuart's brigade was soon to be severely damaged at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 13, 1863), a turning point in the war and a reverse from which the Confederate army would never recover. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Throughout the War units civil War original matches. "[77][78] Some didn't recall hearing Booth shout anything in Latin. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. This is a PowerPoint presentation. It did not affect Maryland. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. Union camp leadership was largely to blame for the death toll. 51-52. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. I have been researching "Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom: Maryland, A Middle Temperament: 16341980, Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, "History of the Federal Judiciary: Circuit Court of the District of Columbia: Legislative History", "Suspension of Civil Liberties in Maryland", "Abraham Lincoln and Treason in the Civil War: The Trials of John Merryman", "Why do people believe myths about the Confederacy? Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. The story of Rockvilles Dora Higgins and her experiences during the Civil War. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. Washington Camp (5) - A British Colonial Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1142195385, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)). Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. The sirens whistled. WebBegun in 1863 with the support of the Union League, eleven regiments were formed at Camp William Penn, the first Pennsylvania camp for volunteer African American regiments. Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. Yes No An official form of the United States government. However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. The Better Angels: Five women who changed and were changed by the American Civil WarSpeaker: Robert Plumb. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD