J Parasitol Res. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. gambiae was identified. Karunamoorthi et al. Aquaculture. Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. Privacy The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. 2012;44:7989. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquito landing Alwala O, Wanzala W, Inyambukho R, Osundwa E, Ndiege I. 2011;4:698705. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. It works on insects without harming or There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural stephensi mosquitoes. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. 2011;16:80210. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. This chapter contains the process used in determining the effectiveness of The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- Parasitol Res. learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Phytother Res. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. PubMed The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. 2010;41:831. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . 2016;23:2322838. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Extraction Process Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. alternative insect repellent. bites has not yet been completely clarified. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. 2005;36:1423. 2011;15:10109. B. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. centered over the receiving vessel. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness J Vector Borne Dis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. Parasitol Res. Parasitol Res. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. 2010;106:121723. and ants. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as PubMed Central From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Canadian Vet J. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Chapter the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. 2012;111:175769. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. bottle. PubMed Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. 2009;7:9204. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. 2014;63:3418. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. By using this website, you agree to our Ed.). Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). In 3 studies, repellency effectiveness of turmeric was examined. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Lemongrass and Mosquitoes: Does Lemongrass Repel - MosquitoReviews The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. endobj be done at home. Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. GROUP-7.docx - ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020 THE EFFECTIVENESS This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. dirus for 4.5h [46]. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Human Expand View via Publisher and for keeping them safe. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. Trop Med Int Health. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. Bioresource Technol. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. 2011;1:438. 3 0 obj Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. A literature review. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. C. Making the Insect Repellent Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. 2012;15:76673. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. CAS This process can be used for purifying liquids with The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) | IntechOpen Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the Google Scholar. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards.