Shows pay for those involved in "1st class New York City productions" including actors of various levels (from chorus to leads) as well as directors, designers, scene painters, stage hands, etc. Using a thin iron needle about the thickness of a pencil, he shoved a cartridge of black powder into the hole and pushed a little clay into the hole with a damper; then he carefullywithdrew the needle and inserted a wick of waxed paper, a squib, that would burn down to the black powder. West Virginias drift mines were cut into the mountains horizontally and its slope mines descended gradually into the earth. Describes the labor policy of New Zealand in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Source: AAUP report, p. 162. 294-295. Boys labored inside, sorting coal by size and removing rock. Coal Miners Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginia's population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Data is separated by sex and age. Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly and weekly earnings of industrial wages in Romanian leu. First, the men had topush an empty coal car up wooden rails that they had installed on their own time. Covers elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Lists single-unit prices for barbital, benzoyl peroxide, benzocaine, aspirin, quinoline, and more, showing proprietary and coined drug names. MORE PRICES in the U.S. 358, Average hours and earnings by occupation and district. "A good hotel room costs only $4-5 per day while a hospital charges $6 and $7." The wage data is broken out by sex. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. BookTok is Good, Actually: On the Undersung Joys of a Vast and Multifarious Platform, Seven Crime Novels Centered Around Musicians Out in 2023, Arlington Road: The Conspiracy Thriller That Foresaw the Spread of Far-Right Extremism in America, If you want to laugh, watch this Mitchell and Webb sketch about inviting Shaggy and Scooby Doo to a party, Uncrackable: 5 Films Featuring Devilishly Difficult Heists. Describes the labor policy of Great Britain in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Few words meant more to mine workers than manliness, a quality that connoted dignity, respectability, defiant egalitarianism, and patriarchal male supremacy, in the words of historian David Montgomery. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Shows breakouts for automobile manufacture, cigar making, boots/shoe making, men's clothing, iron/steel and more. A miners compulsion to load as much coal as possible was tempered by experience, however. Table shows average cost to rent houses by the number of rooms in each of 25 New Zealand cities and towns. Source: 1934 Statistical Abstract of the United States. A room in the Pocahontas seam could be more than 10 feet high, while workplaces in the Kanawha and New River seams often were no taller than four feet. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930), Shows the average wages of multiple occupation in the mining industry. Retail prices for brick, cement, lumber of various kinds, window glass, shingles, nails and more. But to those who suffered alone in silence, the chorus offered hope and strength: Union miners, stand together! Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. This was the room and pillar method of mining common in the Appalachian bituminous coalfields. Source: BLS. The need to correct these abuses led the UMWA to demand the employment of a check-weigh man whom the miners could trust. "The fees and cost of books, instruments, board, room, laundry and incidentals will hardly be less than $400 per session of thirty-two weeks." Occupations included are limited before 1916. Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Data is broken out byoccupation, sex and district. In West Virginias colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. Photographer + writer. Also tells pay for court clerks and marshals. During the Great Depression output was nearly halved from 680 million tons to 360 million. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages for an 8 hour work day in Riga within various industry groups. Describes the labor policy of South Africa in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. "The sum of $4,000 will buy only a very modest home and even then it will have to be in one of the smaller citiesor in a remote suburb of a large city." Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Source: BLS, Shows the retail price of various foodstuffs and other items in Prague following Czechoslovakian independence. Coal miner Bill Keating composed the ballad Down, Down, Down to break my loneliness and to show my mule I was in a friendly mood., President John L. Lewis, United Mine Workers, convention badge, 1936. The miners dressed in overalls, or bank clothes, for working the coal banks and wore cloth caps fitted with small oil lamps that lit their way in the tunnels. Shows compensation for individualjudgeson the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit courts and district courts. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis and contemporary US dollars. Broken out by men's and women's jobs. Wages are shown in Mexican pesos. By 1850, approximately half of Kanawha Countys slaves worked in the salt industrymany mined coal to fuel the furnaces. Eventually, his sons and grandsons also worked in the mines. Ukrainian immigrant Nick Gurski began working in the Boone County coal mines in the 1920s. 467. About half of the surveyed penal institutions gave prisoners some compensation, based on its use as incentive toward good work and better behavior, and to provide the convict with a small way to provide for his family. $32k - $76k. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wage in both yen and US dollars. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. Coal powered industrial America. This article reprinted from a January 1923 edition of, This source quotes medians (the mid-point, with 50% falling below the line), first quartiles (25% falling below) and third quartiles (75% falling below). HOUSING, FARMS and UTILITIES MERCHANDISE A standard tune in miners lore began with lyric, Youve been docked and docked again, boys / Youve been loading two for one, and asked what the miner had to show for working so hard. ), athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, Prices of articles bought by farmers, 1909-1924, Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960, Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Women's clothing catalog - B. Altman & Co., Summer 1920. Wages on pages34-40. Shows the daily wages of various common and low-skill occupations like building laborers, canners, and rice mill workers throughout the state. . From. Recognizable name brand items in the price lists include Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Quaker Oats, Cream of Wheat, Hershey's Cocoa, Aunt Jemima Pancake Flour, Mazola Oil, Wesson Oil, Coleman's Mustard, Post Toasties, Morton's Salt, Knox Gelatin, Sun Maid Raisins, Palmolive soap, Log Cabin syrup, Del Monte canned goods, Heinz ketchup, Gold Medal flour, Carnation Milk, Life Savers candy, Bon Ami scouring powder, Lucky Strike cigarettes, Camel cigarettes, Scott Tissue toilet paper, and many other brand name items. The miners called this unpaid labor company work.. At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. of Agriculture report. Tomorrow night at 9pm PBSs American Experience will broadcast The Mine Wars, based on the book. Source: Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages of day laborers, farm hands, clerks, bookkeepers, government employees, and army members in Lithuania. Shows the average weekly and hourly wages of different occupations in the Missouri shoe industry between 1913-1922. Source: BLS, Shows prices of dozens of food and grocery items, soap, coal, wood by the cord, matches by the box and, Shows the amount spent by a typical Canadian family on food, laundry, fuel/lighting, and rent over time. Click "more" for direct links to wages in each occupation. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. Nothing was the answer, nothing but the miserable life he and his family endured living inrented shanties hard on the railroad tracks. View object record Steam whistle With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. Includes clam, lobster, oyster industries and more. Source: U.S. Dept. Also shows average family size in each state. Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. Wages are shown in German marks. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. From the Louisiana Department of Labor and Industrial Statistics Biennial Report for 1929-1930. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. Shows wage rates for engineers, conductors, passenger baggage men, coal passers, firemen, switch tenders, hostlers, signalmen, station agents, telegraphers, machinists, car cleaners, and more. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. Compares 1927 and 1913 earnings. Government Documents Department, Ellis Library Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. Covers New York City, New Jersey towns, Fall River MA, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco and Portland OR. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, no. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. Link navigates to a record containing multiple years worth of this publication. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Source: For each college, this table shows tuition for residents and non-residents by course of study. See table 164 for average annual wage. Source: Federal Power Commission. On one hand, the miners discipline and death-defying courage made them ideal industrial soldiers; on the other hand, the qualities the men forged in underground combat with the elementsbravery, fraternal fealty, and group solidarityhardened them for aboveground combat with their employers. Shows data for 12 cities located in NY, OH, PA and MA, including NYC, Boston, Philadelphia and more. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, March 1932, The "Service Industries" chapter in this source breaks out wages paid to workers in hospitals, hotels, bowling alleys, theaters, parks, churches, country clubs, athletic clubs and yacht clubs, advertising agencies, banks, laundries, schools/colleges, and restaurants (making no distinction between waiters, cooks or bus boys). Processing plants called breaker buildings were symbols of pride for mine communities. Literary giants have thoughts on the new edits to Roald Dahl's works. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1926, Shows the average retail prices of various foodstuffs throughout Switzerland. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. Many of the reports can be found in. Salt operators eventually hired more white or free-black laborers due to the risk of investing money in bondsmen, who frequently were killed or injured in the mines. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. The deal, brokered by. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. - Earnings, 1929, Farm workers' wages and income,1909-1938, Male farm labor average wages by state, 1929, Airplane pilot (commercial) - Salary, 1929, Barbers and hairdressers - Earnings, 1929, Baseball, major league - Player and umpiresalaries, 1929, Union wages in construction trades, 1913-1930, Union carpenter wages in selected cities for 1924-1925, Average hourly carpenter wage in U.S. for 1926, Carpenter wages for 1920-1928 for twelve major U.S. cities, Cement industry job wages and hours, 1929, Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933, Domestic (household) service - Male workers' wages, Executive salaries in private businesses, 1924, Teachers and principals' salaries by city, 1921-1922, School personnelsalaries by sex in selectedcities, 1926, Teacher's salaries by school level, 1924-1928, Illinois teachers salaries in high schools, 1920-1921, New York state teachers' salaries, 1920-1932, North Carolina teacher salaries by race, 1922, Texas school personnel salaries (white only), 1872-1953, Firemen and fire department salaries by city, 1927, Foundryand machine shop jobs - Wages and hours, 1923-1931, Administrative and supervisors pay in federal government, 1926, Iron and steel industry wages and hours, 1907-193, Lumber industry job wages and hours, 1921-1932, Military pay for officers on active duty - 1926, Mining metals - Wages and hours, 1924 and 1931, Mining - anthracite and bituminous coal, 1922 and 1924, Metalliferous mining job wages and hours, 1924, Nursing - Average salaries for public health and institutional nurses, 1927, Petroleum industry - Wages by occupation and state,1920, Seamen and firemen on ocean ships - Wages, 1914-1918, Slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1921-1929, Street laborers (unskilled) - Wages and hours, 1928, Telegraph and cable industry - wages and salaries, 1922, Telephone industry - average compensation per employee, 1922, Typical fees charged for veterinary visits are described, 1926 annual salaries for individual veterinarians, Wages for thousands of occupations, indexed alphabetically - 1929, Manufacturing job hours and earnings, 1919-1960, Factory employee average annual wages - 1921, 1923, Industrial home work - Earnings, early 1920s, Automobile tire manufacturing wages, 1923, Motor vehicle industry job wages and hours, 1922-1928, Airplanes and aircraft engines manufacture - Hours and earnings, 1929, Boot, shoe, hosiery and underwear manufacturing wages, 1907-1920, Clothing (men's) manufacturing wages & hours, 1911-1932, Hosiery and underwear manufacturing - Wages & hours, 1907-1932, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing: 1910 to 1930, Woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1907-1922, Furniture manufacturing industry - Wages and hours, 1910-1931, Pottery industry job wages and hours, 1925, Paper box-board industry job wages and hours, 1926, Professional and business women - Salaries and income, 1927, Library assistants - Earnings by city, 1923, Women employed as cleaners, maids, and elevator operators in Washington DC, 1920, Women's wages in the candy industry in St. Louis and Chicago, 1920-1921, Women's wages in candy industry - St. Louis, 1920-1921, Women employed as household servants in Philadelphia - late 1920s, Women's wages, hours, and earnings - South Carolina, 1921, Women in Tennessee industries - Hours, wages and working conditions, 1925, Colorado - Wages by occupation and industry, 1928, Union workers' annual earnings - New Haven CT, 1927, Teenagers' wages by occupation and sex in Detroit, 1922, Wage in the Missouri shoe industry, 1913-1922, Public school employee salaries - New York City, 1928, Ohio - Average annual wages and salaries by occupation, 1916-1932, Development of minimum wage laws in the U.S., 1912-1927, Minimum wage laws of the U.S., construction and operation, 1921, Wages by occupation in Buenos Aires, 1926, Buenos Aries - Average Wages, 1922, 1926, 1928-1929, Minimum wages in Sydney and Melbourne, 1914 and 1921, Wages and cost of living in Austria, 1920, Farm help wages in Canadian provinces by sex, 1920s, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1920, Wages by occupation in Canadian cities, 1921, Wages by occupation in Canadian provinces, 1924-26, Wages and hours of labour - Canada, 1920-1926, Wages in boot and shoe industries in France, 1924, "Real wages" in Germany by industry, 1923, Automobile manufacturing wages in Germany, 1929, Wages and hours in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924, average weekly earnings by industry and sex, Wages by industry in Great Britain, 1914-1921, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1928, Wages in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1924-1932, Agricultural trades - Minimum wage in Great Britain, 1920, Building trades - Wages by city in the UK, 1920, Iron and steel industry wages in Great Britain, 1926, Coal miner earnings in Great Britain, 1921-23, Judges of county courts (UK) - Salary, ca. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. The following two tables shows the average daily earnings of industrial and building workers by occupation as well as in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Ural mountain region. Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. From, Earnings forveterinarians with governmentjobs, in scientific labs, in sales, or working as. In 1925, motor vehicles were scrapped at an average age of 6.5 years. Source: Shows wages by occupation in Belfast, Cork, Glasgow, Dundee, Cardiff, London, Manchester and more. The lawmakers apparently agreed with West Virginias Republican governor, G. W. Atkinson, who said in 1901: It is but the natural course of mining events that men should be injured and killed by accidents.. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. Source: Compares 1922 to1940 wage rates for a variety of RR jobs, pp. In 1984 there were 174 deep coal mines in the UK by 1994 - the year the industry was finally privatized - there were just 15 left. Source: Lists costs of running a farm, including costs of power, labor, insurance, interest on loans, etc. These were the underground attitudes Frank Keeney absorbed as he entered manhood as a coal miner. In 1900 almost 2 percent of Americans were coal miners. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. Prices are shown in German marks. Occupations wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Shows starting salary and increases granted based on marital status and number of children. Shows police department salaries for cities over 100,000 population. Wages are in contemporary US dollars. Sporting goods: By 1910, more Italian immigrants lived in McDowell County than anywhere else in the state. Work clothes, work shirts, dress shirts, dress pants, trousers, vests, suits, dress gloves, overcoats, winter coats, fur caps and collars, neck ties, belts and suspenders, caps and hats, nightwear, socks, shoes, boots, pocket knives, pocket watches, toupes, razors, smoking pipes. In 1907, West Virginia appointed John Nugent as superintendent of immigration. Wages are shown in French francs. Coal mining wages - Illinois, 1920. Lists the price of bricks, flooring, framing lumber, rough boards, Portland cement, roofing material, house paint and more. Wages are shown in French francs. 484. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. 514. Source: BLS, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations both in and outside of Copenhagen, Denmark. For example, a dollar earned in 2020 had the same buying power as 7 in 1928. Managers liked immigrants because they worked for low wages. Farm laborers in Missouri earned an average $41.90/month in 1921. Must use "search in this text" feature to navigate. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1927, Shows the average daily wages for 14 different occupations in the Florence district. It may be necessary to read the chapters pertaining to the country, but you can find the actual minimum wages in the discussion. Source: BLS, Shows wages of various industrial and agricultural gender, in both Romanian leu and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. Some picked slate and other debris out of the coal on fast-moving conveyor belts. Prices shown in marks. Fascinating book that shows various imported items (such as kid gloves, bloomers, silk nightgown, men's pipe, electric flatiron, glass lamp, etc.) Source: Shows the earnings per hour and week for sawmill workers over a 20 year period. Wages are based on the average weekly full-time positions from large cities. Wages shown in 1931 US dollars. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1928 had the same buying power as abut $15 in the year 2020. White familiesspent an average $103.71/yearon medical care around 1928-1931. Keep your hand upon the dollar, Source: page 13 in. Pianos, violins, guitars & banjos, accordions, other musical instruments. Expressed in dollars and also as a percentage of the property value. Shows the hourly and weekly wages for 12 principal industries throughout Germany. Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. Source: Howard University, States "the average student probably spends about $700 per year for a college education" and shows, This source shows the cost of funerals and burial in 18 states and in 10 major cities. Regardless of what their state government might or might not do to protect them, the miners of West Virginia had to rely on themselves and their buddies, rather than on company fire bosses and state mine inspectors, whose numbers were few and whose visits were infrequent. Coal companies also recruited in Europe. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. Here Are the Best Reviewed Books of the Month. Retreat mining required the rapid destruction of these pillars, each containing tons of valuable coal, before the mine collapsed. The workday ended at 5:30 in the evening when the sunlight had already faded over the mountains. Tools and hardware: Some New York City teacher and principal salaries are shown on the following page in Table 42. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. This Farmers' Bulletin, Cost of Using Horses on Corn-Belt Farms, goes into great detail about the costs of keeping work horses, including a. Before the 1920s most miners were independent contractors. Wages are shown in Danish ore. Dining room furniture, silverware, dish sets. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages for workers in different occupations in French coal mines. Board a ship to cross the wave; Shows wages by occupation grouped by industries, with breakouts for males and females. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of workers in the glass factories of northern France. Discussion covers the history of minimum wage legislation in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Canada, South Africa, Mexico, France, Norway, Argentina, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Uruguay, Hungary, Poland, Italy, and Rumania (Romania) up to 1928. Includes breakouts for those who lived with the family and those who did not. Wages are shown in Dutch guilder. Income statistics of full time professional women were published in study by the Association of Business and Professional Women. Miners spent their entire shift underground, taking lunch, drinks, and snacks with them. Engineers used anemometers to measure airflow within mines. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of various foodstuffs in 10 large German cities. Tip: use the search tool to look for words like cents or rate. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) Careless miners always fail. Prices on pp. This source lists actual salaries paid to administrators in various lines of business. Women's: A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. Source: Extensive article provides wage detail by occupation and city. Wages are shown in Finnish marks. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more.