If so, then user data is running. errors, connect to the instance, Note:User data scripts run as root user so you dont need to specifysudowith your commands. Run user data after the initial launch of your EC2 instance So our web server is saying hello world from an IP address here, which is not the public IP. file to include both a shell script and cloud-init directives in your user data. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? amazon-ec2-user-guide/user-data.md at master - GitHub Adding these tasks at boot time adds to the amount of time it takes to boot an Even though the server is running we cant able to see the message. You modified or configured user data, but it doesn't run on instance launch. on Amazon EC2 with AWS CloudFormation, Run commands on your Windows instance at launch, Install a LAMP Web Server on Amazon Linux 2, User data and the Tools for Windows PowerShell. Enter the stack name and click on Next. The typical answer is to use EC2 User Data, but this doesn't seem to work for me. (/var/log/cloud-init-output.log), and look for So the EC2 User Data has a very specific purpose. By default, user data scripts and cloud-init directives run only during the boot cycle when you first launch an instance. EC2: can I provide default startup scripts to erase sensitive data in my AMI? User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is Base64-encoded. 3. sudo bash /home/ubuntu/force-user-data.sh || exit 1, But here is the catch, it will execute the script on each boot so which will make your user-data to run on every single boot, just like #cloud-boothook. and the files contained within it. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. instance profile when launching the instance. Makes sure that your instance is sitting in a public subnet (with route to IGW) and it has public/Elastic IPv4 attached to it. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Continue to add echo before each command and confirm how far it's running, This was a lifesaver for me - thanks. My added wrinkle is that I'm using terraform to instantiate the hosts via a launch configuration and autoscaling group. The permissions you It may be affecting execution of the existing shell, where user data is running. Just echo to stdout e.g. Is it plausible for constructed languages to be used to affect thought and control or mold people towards desired outcomes? @LechMigdal Yes I did, i don't really see any error, should I post the output here? I have raised the issue to AWS support but still I couldn't find exact reason/bug which affects it. 5. If these things still ain't working, you can test it further by forcing user-data to run manually. Edit: I should also add that in the user data the machine cd's into the directory where the python file is and runs the command to execute it. How To Use Recovery Mode On Android Smartphones? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. to that file. What is EC2 User Data Simply put User Data is a set of commands which will be executed on an EC2 instance when it is first launched. AWS user-data is not getting executed by terraform - Google Groups There are cases where I'd like to delete this state file so that the user data script will run again. The necessary web server, php, and mariadb It can take Step 11. Stop your instance. Here is how you can do that-. (/test-userscript/userscript.txt) and writes Created by bash shell script If you need more information, I'm glad to provide, please let me know what happened in my own AMI and how to fix it? The second option is to use an EBS volume as a root device. This is how I got it to work: I moved to pulling it from a template instead since what you see is what you get. What's the best way to do this ? you should modify the permissions accordingly in the script. /var/log/cloud-init-output.log. I've seen it downvoted many times on SO, In addition to @Mike Conigliaro response, in order to delete only the running one semaphore: rm /var/lib/cloud/instances/$(curl -s. @MikeConigliaro I wanted to use user-data to make something run on every boot, so I made the user-data script append it to /etc/rc.local. How can I troubleshoot this and what am I missing? before you create an AMI from the instance. The cloud-init output log file captures console output so it is easy to debug your Below are some of the key attributes for user data stated on the AWSwebsite. AWS EC2 userdata on Windows - Cloud for the win! Scripts entered as user data are run as the root user, so do not use the Instance types are going to differ based on the number of CPUs they have, the amount of memory they have, and how much they cost. Run EC2 user-data script as non-root user - Server Fault Copy your user script into the Edit user data box, and then choose Save. The httpd service is started and turned on via What is the correct way to screw wall and ceiling drywalls? Not the answer you're looking for? Next, we have to go into network settings. I was having a lot of trouble with this. If you are creating this EC2 instance just for learning purpose. I have a step function that kicks off a python script in EC2. For linux, I suppose the mechanism is the same, and user_data needs to be re-activated on your custom image. > "C:\Python27\Scripts" by shift button and right click. EC2 User Data Script is not running the last bash command - reddit Setting up a Node.js app on a Linux AMI on an AWS EC2 instance with Nginx | by Nishank Jain | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. However, you can use the Firewall rules of our EC2 instance, and that is the security group. About user data and how it lets you bootstrap instance, A catch regarding specifying user data correctly. I start an instance from a custom AMI, and specify a UserData script during launch configuration. information, see Auto-assign Public IP in the Network settings To specify user data when you launch your instance, use the run-instances With run-instances, the AWS CLI performs base64 encoding of rm /var/lib/cloud/instances/*/sem/config_scripts_user. You can't configure user data. UserData is still not running. Either it's because User Data is only for running commands on newly created instances (such as bootstrapping instances for scaling), or because the documentation is out of date. information about the configuration tasks that the cloud-init package performs for Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? If you are unable to see the PHP information page, By default, user data scripts and cloud-init directives run only during the first boot cycle when an EC2 instance is launched. In this article, we will discuss how to run EC2 User Data scripts as a non-root user. And for this, you go to a public IPv4 address, you copy this or you click on the open address and probably it doesnt work. According to AWS User-data explanation: When you launch an instance in Amazon EC2, you have the option of passing user data to the instance that can be used to perform common automated configuration tasks and even run scripts after the instance starts. User data can be used on both Linux and Windows systems. user_data = "$ {file ("ec2-user-data.sh")}" the file (path) functions read the user-data script file given in the path and return as a string. adds to the amount of time it takes to boot the instance. Setting up a Node.js app on a Linux AMI on an AWS EC2 instance with text/cloud-config and text/x-shellscript content-types in a mime-multi part Error using SSH into Amazon EC2 Instance (AWS). What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? On services, tab search for EC2 and click on instances in the sidebar for creating an EC2 Instance. This worked for me on an Ubuntu, however I needed to run. this is the answer as an example: ensure that you have in the headline only #!/bin/bash. Open a PowerShell command window and run the following command: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2-Windows\Launch\Scripts\InitializeInstance.ps1 -Schedule Disconnect from your Windows instance. Launching webpage created via User Data Script. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. A limit involving the quotient of two sums, Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation, Minimising the environmental effects of my dyson brain, About an argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality, Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string. Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2, AWS - UserData is not executed for instance created from custom image. These things include: apt upgrade should be run on first . What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be acquitted of everything despite serious evidence? In the navigation pane, choose Instances. So lets go ahead and see the step by step instruction to execute EC2 user data script using CloudFormation. I am trying to automate EC2 instance creation. All rights reserved. I'm using CentOS and the logic for userdata there is simple: In the file /etc/rc.local there is a call for a initial.sh script, but it looks for a flag first: initial.sh is the file that does the execution of user-data, but in the end it deletes the flag. User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is base64-encoded. Especially if you are managing large scale enterprise accounts that have 100's of EC2 instances. "UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!" In this template, we are launching an EC2 instance with user data specified. Open the Amazon EC2 console, and then select your instance. a few minutes for the instance to stop. As we all know, Amazon EC2 (virtual machines) is the legacy approach to hosting applications in the world of containers. Also I checked the log in /var/log/cloud-init.log, there is no error message. When I connect manually and run the python file it starts the script which is great and all, but is there a way to make sure that the script starts when the instance is booted up? How to make EC2 user data script run again on startup? Does a barbarian benefit from the fast movement ability while wearing medium armor? Create an EC2 Instance With EC2 User Data Script To Launch Website Hi, First, replace the line UserData=user_data with user_data=user_data. Open the Amazon EC2 console at Why am I unable to run sudo commands on my EC2 Linux instance? On ubuntu 16, removing /var/lib/cloud/* does not work. Or, I want to view the user data logs but don't know where they are. So I tried to pass my own user-data when instance launch, this is my user-data: But there is no file in this path: /home/ec2-user/user-script-output.txt. sudo rm -f /home/ubuntu/force-user-data.sh Also, because the Modify the user data as needed, and then choose Save. This is a major lifesaver for trouble shooting user data issues. Not sure why you have it there. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? I checked the network monitoring and indeed the script is not being run. You can distribute load across machines( Elastic Load Balancer), You can scale services using an auto-scaling group or ASG. I could NOT get it to work by adding the script inline in lc.tf. This is what I got: I suspect that the first 'sudo su'. Step 6. @c24w Those timestamps are misleading. I want to get an output (success or failure) back from EC2 and based on the result start an appropriate step function. is not the right way to install npm. There is an official documentation page now.. After all the attempts this finally worked for me.. 1. Then you need to choose a key pair type (RSA encrypted or ED25519 encrypted), here well be using the RSA encrypted. Where is it? Do roots of these polynomials approach the negative of the Euler-Mascheroni constant? You should allow a few the Advanced details section of the launch instance Step 7. Troubleshooting EC2 startup scripts passed as user-data So this is necessary if we use the SSH utility to access our instance. Awesome content. You can pass two types of user data to Amazon EC2: shell scripts and cloud-init directives. Bootstrapping means launching commands when the machine starts. How much storage space ( If you want it to be attached through the network then we will use EBS or EFS If you want it to be hardware attached. With describe-instance-attribute, the AWS CLI does not perform base64 decoding of the user data for you. However, the last command does not seem to be getting executed. is stored in another file. No worries, you can just tweak it by just removing the force-user-data.sh itself at the end. It supports only the user_data key. How to Execute EC2 User Data Script using CloudFormation Launch the EC2 Instance in AWS with New Instance Wizard, Create a Windows EC2 Instance and Connect Using RDP, Amazon Web Services - Denying Access using IAM policy for EC2 and EBS Instance, Amazon Web Services - Replacing Unhealthy EC2 Instance in Elastic Beanstalk Environment, Amazon VPC - Launching an EC2 Instance into a VPC. scripts following a launch if the instance does not behave the way you intended. There is a private IPv4 address which is how to access that instance internally on the AWS network, which is private. Run EC2 user-data script as non-root user Ask Question Asked 10 years, 9 months ago Modified 3 years, 9 months ago Viewed 12k times 8 I'm able to run a user-data script successfully, but it runs as root. If you stop an instance and then modify its user data, the updated user data isn't run when you start the instance. Click here to return to Amazon Web Services homepage. amazon ec2 - how to get status of a script running in EC2 and use that EC2 AMI version - Page 2 - The OpenSees Community EC2 UserData script is not running on startup Ask Question Asked 1 year, 9 months ago Modified 7 months ago Viewed 2k times Part of AWS Collective 2 I am trying to automate EC2 instance creation. The Amazon EC2 console can perform the base64-encoding for you or accept base64-encoded input. Port 22 is accessible from everywhere and port 80 is accessible from everywhere. volume of the instance is an EBS volume, you can also stop the instance and update I have added below line in /etc/rc.local to make it happen. Note: If Stop is not activated, either the instance is already stopped, or its root device is an instance store volume. powershell user data script run on restart of the Windows instance The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? With modify-instance-attribute, the AWS CLI does not perform base64 encoding of the user data for you. Steps to Execute EC2 User Data Script using CloudFormation I hope we are clear on the script by now. You should see the PHP information page. to specify the user data. sudo rm -rf /var/lib/cloud/* amazon ec2 - user data scripts not working for me during starting of the EC2 instance - Server Fault user data scripts not working for me during starting of the EC2 instance Ask Question Asked 8 months ago Modified 8 months ago Viewed 708 times 0 All, I have user data script like below. Finally, we can review everything we have created and launch this instance. And relaunch. 1. EC2 User Data scripts will not run any commands as non-root user I am creating an EC2 Launch Template with the following (exact) User Data: #!/bin/bash echo "hello" >> /home/ubuntu/1.txt sudo -u ubuntu curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip" >> awscli-download.txt echo "hello" >> /home/ubuntu/2.txt The text/cloud-config content type overrides how frequently user data is run in the cloud-init package by setting the SCRIPTS-USER parameter to ALWAYS. SCARLETEEL: Operation leveraging Terraform, Kubernetes, and AWS for Everything else in the script runs correctly because when I manually connect to the instance all of the scripts and software are where they should be. For more Connecting an AWS EC2 Instance of a Private Subnet using Bastion Host, Allocate Elastic IP-Address to EC2 Instance in AWS. Its composed of many things at a high level. Cam I instruct an AWS EC2 instance to run in "maintenance" mode with cloud-init (user data), Starting a long-running process in cloud-init on ec2 instance, how to disable executing user-data by cloud-init, Cloud-init is failing to execute awscli command in User Data, AWS Userdata script in Cloud Init not running, EC2 instance settings user data option not present, Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting. Wait you saw the echo output in the logs? and look for error messages in the output. On a Windows computer, use the certutil command to encode the user data. So the first rule we want to have is to allow SSH traffic from anywhere and to allow HTTP traffic from the internet. Leave the settings to default Our instances are going to get a public IP and then there is going to be a security group attached to our instance (which is going to control the traffic from and to our instance ) and therefore we can add rules. Unleash the Power of AWS EC2: The Future of Scalable and Flexible You also need to allow the same on outbound NACL's rules and ephemeral ports on inbound rules. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. So, that EC2 User data script is only run once and when it first starts, and then will never be run again. Run commands on your Linux instance at launch, Run commands on your Windows instance at launch. Step 1: The attacker gained initial access by exploiting a public-facing service in a self-managed Kubernetes cluster hosted inside an AWS cloud account. I checked /var/lib/cloud/instance/user-data.txt, the file is exist and same as my user-data script. cloud-init, see http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html. operating system of your instance. To delete the existing user data, use the modify-instance-attribute Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? You can follow these steps to install both node and npm. All you need is to prefix this function before your userdata. You should see the PHP information page. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. and where will it store? How can I do that? The bash shell script creates a file Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? Similar to other posts on this topic, we are going to install apache web server on an EC2 instance using EC2 User Data. way to send instructions to an instance at launch. Run a bash script after EC2 instance boots - Server Fault If you are not an admin user, you should explicitly provideec2:* permission for your user/role. By default, cloud-init allows only one content type in user data at a time. before you test that your user data directives have completed. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. You can update your configuration to ensure that your user data scripts and cloud-init directives run every time you restart your instance. We could proceed without a key pair, but for now, lets go ahead and create a new key pair. If I add #cloud-boothook in the top of user-data file, it works! At least that's how it is in Linux, I guess on Windows it would be similar. Theres an instance ID which is just a unique identifier for our instance. Topological invariance of rational Pontrjagin classes for non-compact spaces, Finite abelian groups with fewer automorphisms than a subgroup. add the following line to your directives: This directive sends runcmd output to Check your system log and you should see that Echo in the Management console, Also add this https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/ec2-linux-log-user-data/. Server Fault is a question and answer site for system and network administrators. For more use with Amazon Linux 2, and the commands and directives may not work for other Linux Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. rm /var/lib/cloud/instance/sem/config_scripts_user. Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting, The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn. Step 3. You can find this in the EC2 documentation under Run commands at launch. How much compute power and cores do you want on this virtual machine i.e. Step 5. Can I specify the script somewhere in the AMI? script is not run interactively, you cannot include commands that require user User_data is run only at the first start up. Adding these tasks at boot time check that the security group you are using contains a rule to allow HTTP (port 80) traffic. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? then complete the instance launch procedure. For additional debugging information, you can How To Use Systems Manager and Secret manager To Automate EC2 Resolution http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html, Combine shell scripts and cloud-init directives, Deploying applications Next, we need to configure the storage for this instance lets have an eight-gigabyte gp2 root volume because, in the free tier, we can get up to 30 gigabytes of EBS General Purpose SSD storage. If any one of those conditions is not met, your user data scrip will fail, since it need connection to the Internet (in your case). The #cloud-boothook make it works because it changes the script from a user_data mechanism to a cloud-boothook one that runs on each start. The above code is a shell script. To You have to use cloud_final_modules in your userdata script to re-run the userdata script and for that you have to customise uderdata to have miultiple files in userdata. but noticed I was getting it with the quotes still in it. Do you need billing or technical support? It should not stuck on modules:config. You can pass two types of user data to Amazon EC2: shell While the instance is in a stopping state and if we try to refresh our webpage its not going to work because you dont have the server running anymore. Choose Actions, Instance State, Stop. Windows EC2 PowerShell user data script to create a local RDP A limit involving the quotient of two sums, "We, who've been connected by blood to Prussia's throne and people since Dppel". Select the instance and choose Instance state, Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances. sudo command in the script. The commands to be included in the user-data will be shell commands, more specifically, bash. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. It only takes a minute to sign up. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? If you have Windows less than version 10, for example, Windows 7 or Windows 8, then you can use a .ppk format. But, the very last bash command in the script is supposed to start a python script which will run (indefinitely/ or . Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions. Using cloud-config syntax, the user can specify certain things in a human-friendly format. In a very simple terms if I say, user data is user data/commands that you can specify at the time of launching your instance. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? The simplicity helped me alot. First, enter a name tag for the instance. For example, the following user data includes cloud-init directives and a bash shell script. When prompted for confirmation, choose Stop. Running Docker on AWS EC2. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. It stands for Elastic Compute Cloud. After I cleared that directory, User Data script worked normally. But still I have something which might help you. Save the template with .yml or .json as per the choice of template and follow below steps. following directive: This directive sends command output from your script to So I tried to pass my own user-data when instance launch, this is my user-data: If you stop an instance and then start it later on and if we go to the browser and try again we cant able to see our webpage. After cloud-init runs a user data script on the first boot of an EC2 instance, a state file is presumably written so that cloud-init won't run the script again on subsequent reboots. User data must be Base64-decoded when retrieved. wizard. Any idea for windows based instance? feedback (such as yum update without the -y As you might already know, EC2 user data script, lets you bootstrap your EC2 instance by executing some commands(that you specify) dynamically after your instance is booted. Replace it with an 'echo start'. How can I utilize user data to automatically run a script with every restart of my Amazon EC2 Linux instance? The following is an example text file with a shell script. But if you decide to stop an instance, then AWS will not bill you for it. I would be more than happy to reply to your comment. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site. Here is the startup script that I have used for the user-data of the EC2 instance that we will deploy on AWS. completed without errors, connect When you launch an EC2 instance, you can specify your user data like below. directory on any instance launched from the AMI. It's not needed. There is a public IPv4 address, this is what were going to use to access our EC2 instance. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. AWS support for Internet Explorer ends on 07/31/2022. User data and the Tools for Windows PowerShell Introduction to AWS Simple Storage Service (AWS S3), AWS DynamoDB - Insert Data Using AWS Lambda. There are cases where I'd like to delete this state file so that the user data script will run again. Note: Replace the line /bin/echo "Hello World." Visit Stack Exchange Tour Start here for quick overview the site Help Center Detailed answers. Are there tables of wastage rates for different fruit and veg? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. appropriate AWS credentials required by the user data script to issue the API I searched a lot of topic about "user-data script is not working" in these few days, but until now, I haven't gotten any idea about my case yet, please help me to figure out what happened, thanks a lot! The size of a string of length n after base64-encoding is ceil ( n /3)*4. We also get some information about hostname, private DNS, Instance type, AMI details, and Key pair. And in programming, when you do something for the first time, you usually say hello world.